Background: Healthcare supply chains (HSCs) are critical socio-technical systems that ensure the timely delivery of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and electromedical equipment, yet they face increasing complexity due to regulatory constraints, demand uncertainty, and the growing digitalization of healthcare systems. This study aims to systematically map the HSC literature and identify its main thematic structures and research gaps. Methods: A systematic literature review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines, analyzing 705 peer-reviewed articles retrieved from the Web of Science database (PROSPERO registration: CRD42024605761). Natural language processing techniques were applied to support the analysis, including topic modeling, term frequency–inverse document frequency for keyword relevance, and Keyword in Context analysis for semantic interpretation. Results: The analysis identified six main thematic clusters and revealed a fragmented research landscape, characterized by limited integration across supply chain tiers, uneven attention to technological innovations, and marginal consideration of sustainability and implementation issues. The findings also highlight a gap between conceptual developments and real-world applications. Conclusions: This study provides a data-driven overview of the HSC research domain, highlighting key gaps and opportunities for more integrated, resilient, and efficient supply chain management.
Tomassi et al. (2026) studied this question.