Validation study compares the appearance of renal papillae in calcium stone formers, suggesting clinical utility in grading system.
In this patient sample, papillary appearance differed between CaOx and CaP stone formers. Some of these differences can be reliably appreciated and quantified using the proposed papillary grading system. The grading system was reproducible across multiple graders and is designed to be used in the operating room in a manner that can be easily integrated into patient care.
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Borofsky et al. (2026) studied this question.
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