Interventions for Transition-Related Challenging Behavior in Individuals with Disabilities: A Targeted Research Synthesis and Meta-Analysis of Studies Published in Behavior Analytic Journals.

Transition-related challenging behavior is common among individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities, particularly during changes between activities. Two hypothesized controlling variables-unpredictability and negative incentive shifts-may contribute to the occurrence of these behaviors. This targeted research synthesis and meta-analysis identified studies published in behavior-analytic journals examining interventions developed to decrease transition-related challenging behavior. Nineteen experiments across sixteen peer-reviewed articles were included in the targeted research synthesis, with interventions categorized as those incorporating a signaling stimulus (e.g., advance notice, visual schedules) or other procedures (e.g., differential reinforcement, extinction). A multilevel meta-analysis was conducted to estimate overall intervention effects and examine whether the intervention type moderated its effectiveness. Results indicated that, although overall effects were not statistically significant, consequence-based interventions without signaling stimuli were associated with greater reductions in challenging behavior. Implications for practice, including the integration of signaling stimulus and consequence-based procedures, are discussed, along with directions for future research on intervention efficiency, generalization, and long-term maintenance.