A review on rutting in asphalt concrete in Saudi Arabia: mitigation strategies, innovations, and future directions

Rutting in asphalt concrete is a widespread phenomenon affecting the strength and overall performance of pavements, especially in regions with intense environmental variabilities and transitions, where excessive temperatures and heavy traffic loads exacerbate pavement deformation. This study reviews and synthesizes research on the causes, consequences, and mitigation strategies for rutting with a particular emphasis on Saudi Arabia’s asphalt pavements. Key factors contributing to rutting, advanced asphalt mixtures, and environmental conditions were extensively discussed. Moreover, the work explores the current pavement design requirements, particularly in Saudi Arabia, highlighting unique policies aimed at addressing rutting issues. Comparisons with other nations with relatively distinct climatic challenges were equally addressed to provide a broader understanding of global exceptional practices. The review also identifies key areas for future research, coupled with the development of superior asphalt mixtures, the incorporation of revolutionary components, and the implementation of tracking technology. By consolidating knowledge on rutting in Saudi Arabia, this review aims to inform and guide ongoing and future efforts to enhance pavement overall performance and durability in the region. In the end, recommendations were proposed based on materials, environmental impact, sustainability, and soil conditions that are essential for effective utilization in Saudi Arabia and other countries in the Arabian Peninsula.