Preclinical study demonstrates enhanced antitumor activity in solid tumors using IL-2-independent tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and PD-1 blockade.
The feasibility of a feeder-free, low-dose IL-2 TIL expansion system was demonstrated. PD-1 blockade significantly enhanced antitumor activity and treatment tolerability, thus supporting its promise as an alternative to high-dose IL-2. HCQ demonstrated potential immunomodulatory effects, although its in vivo benefit was minimal. This strategy warrants further clinical evaluation in solid tumors.
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Zhang et al. (2026) studied this question.
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