The Immune-Autonomic Interface in Aging: Baseline Immune Profile Shapes Cardiac Autonomic Response to Exercise.

Figures

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  FIGURE 1. Posterior distribution of the pairwise time differences of exercise‐induced dynamics for HRV time‐, frequency‐domains and autonomic indices. “Peri‐Pre” represents the immediate response to exercise relative to baseline, “Post‐Peri” represents immediate post‐exercise recovery relative to in‐exercise measurements, and “Post‐Pre” represents autonomic recovery post‐exercise relative to baseline. White and dashed vertical line denotes the null effect. Shaded areas denote the range of practical equivalence (ROPE) and the area of medium effect at 0.5 standardized units. All effects are adjusted for confounders.

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  FIGURE 2. Predicted exercise‐induced cardiac autonomic modulation by standardized immune cell counts across discrete time frames. The trajectories illustrate the relative dynamics of HRV parameters in response to exercise, based on immune cell count groups standardized as z‐scores. “Pre” represents the baseline resting condition, “Peri” represents the in‐exercise HRV measurements, and “Post” represents the post‐exercise 5‐min recovery window. All depicted effects are adjusted for confounders.

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  FIGURE 3. Interaction effects from autonomic‐immune models. This figure illustrates how an increase of one standard deviation unit in a specific immune cell population (rows) influences the exercise‐induced change in each HRV domain (columns), relative to resting values. More intense blue indicates that an increase in the specific immune cell is associated with a more marked increase in the corresponding HRV parameter during exercise, compared to rest. Conversely, more intense red indicates that an increase in the specific immune cell is associated with a more marked decrease in the HRV parameter during exercise, compared to rest. All depicted effects are adjusted for confounders.