Demonstrates effective urolith removal in tortoises, suggesting a promising treatment option for cystolithiasis.
Prefemoral cystotomy in 45° dorsolateral recumbency is an effective treatment for cystoliths in African spurred tortoises regardless of urolith or animal size. The technique described herein may reduce some of the challenges associated with treatment of cystolithiasis in chelonians.
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Nackley et al. (2026) studied this question.
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