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March 8, 2026Spine Surgery and Related Research0 citationsOpen Access

Patient-Specific 3D-Printed Reference Rod for "Smiley Face Rod" Repair of Lumbar Spondylolysis in a Patient with High Body Mass Index

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TKTakayuki KitaharaMMMasatoshi MorimotoNON. Ono

Key Points

  • This research aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a 3D-printed rod in repairing lumbar spondylolysis in patients with high BMI.
  • Development of a patient-specific 3D-printed reference rod for surgical use.
  • Comparison of traditional rod contouring techniques with the 3D-printed approach.
  • Evaluation based on surgical accuracy and ease of use.
  • The patient-specific 3D-printed rod provided greater anatomical precision.
  • Surgical time was reduced compared to conventional methods.
  • Enhanced outcomes in visualizing and accessing deep anatomical structures.

Abstract

Introduction: The "Smiley Face Rod" (SFR) method is an effective direct repair technique for lumbar spondylolysis. However, three-dimensional rod contouring is technically demanding, particularly in patients with a high body mass index (BMI), where deep soft tissue obscures anatomical landmarks.

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Cite This Study

Kitahara et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/69ada8cfbc08abd80d5bc258https://doi.org/10.22603/ssrr.2025-0418
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Also Consider

Synapse has enriched 5 closely related papers on similar clinical questions. Consider them for comparative context:

  1. 1Uniportal Endoscopic-Assisted Direct Pars Repair Using the Smiley Face Rod Method for Lumbar Spondylolysis2026 · 1 citations
  2. 2Smiley face shaped rod technique versus instrumented posterolateral fusion in treatment of isthmic lumbar spondylolisthesis2026
  3. 3Combined Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion and Smiley Face Rod Technique Using Dual-Headed Pedicle Screws for L4 Isthmic Spondylolisthesis and L5 Spondylolysis2024 · 1 citations
  4. 4Iliac Accessory Rod Technique for Rod Fracture Prevention in Long Fusion Constructs: 2-Dimensional Operative Video2024 · 1 citations
  5. 5A Modified Technique of Minimally Invasive Cortical Bone Trajectory Screws With U‐Rod for Treatment of Lumbar Spondylolysis2026