Methodological Assessment and Clinical Outcomes Evaluation of Community Health Centres in Uganda Using Difference-in-Differences Approach

Community health centres (CHCs) in Uganda have been established to improve access to healthcare services, particularly for rural populations. However, their effectiveness and sustainability are not well understood. A systematic review was conducted to identify relevant studies. The DiD model with robust standard errors was applied to assess changes in clinical outcomes between pre- and post-intervention periods for CHCs compared to control groups. The analysis revealed a statistically significant improvement in vaccination coverage among children under five years old (p<0.05, 95% CI: [0.12, 0.48]) following the establishment of CHCs. The DiD model provided robust evidence for the positive impact of CHCs on clinical outcomes in Uganda. Further research should focus on long-term sustainability and cost-effectiveness of CHCs to ensure they continue to provide essential healthcare services. Treatment effect was estimated with logit(pᵢ)=β₀+β^ Xᵢ, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.