Policy prioritization in participatory planning: which approach to use, when and why?

This paper addresses the critical challenge of policy prioritization within Urban Freight participatory planning. While the objectives and activities of such planning are generally defined, clear methodological guidance on selecting the most suitable approach, contingent on specific contextual factors, remains limited. This research systematically classifies and compares alternative approaches against key contextual factors. Jointly considering a comprehensive systematic scientific/grey literature review (64 articles and 11 items, respectively) and scenario analysis allows the study to evaluate both strengths and weaknesses of each approach across various hypothetical planning contexts. Results indicate that, while there is no best solution, Discrete Choice Models generally represent the most suitable approach across diverse scenarios, particularly when dealing with high stakeholder heterogeneity and controversial, monetary-focused policies. Conversely, Discuss and Deliberate methods, while effective for high complexity, are often time-consuming and less suitable when highly heterogeneous groups are key. This paper provides policymakers and practitioners with evidence-based recommendations for selecting context-appropriate participatory methodologies, thereby enhancing the efficiency and legitimacy of UFT policy design while mitigating the risks of delayed or blocked policymaking processes. • The study provides a framework for improving urban freight policy decisions through stakeholder-inclusive planning. • Effective policy planning requires matching engagement approaches to specific urban logistics challenges and stakeholder dynamics since no single solution exists—success depends on adapting methods to context, whether addressing costs, conflicts, or participation barriers. • The study identifies Discrete Choice Models (DCM) as the most effective approach for urban freight policy planning, especially with diverse stakeholders and monetary considerations. • Policymakers should select methods contextually, with hybrid approaches offering balanced solutions. • Future research should validate findings in real-world settings and assess factor weightings for better precision and the research allow policymakers balancing efficiency and legitimacy when designing urban freight strategies.