Environmental Monitoring using Remote Sensing and GIS in Ethiopia: A Review

Environmental monitoring in Ethiopia has been enhanced through advancements in remote sensing and Geographic Information Systems (GIS). Remote sensing technologies provide high-resolution imagery that can be integrated with GIS for comprehensive environmental assessments. A comprehensive search was conducted using databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus. Studies were selected based on predefined inclusion criteria related to the use of remote sensing (e.g., satellite imagery) and GIS in environmental monitoring. Methodological quality was assessed using a structured evaluation tool. The review identified a total of 50 studies covering various environmental domains such as land cover changes, water resources management, and climate impacts. A significant proportion, approximately 70%, used both remote sensing and GIS methods, indicating their widespread adoption in Ethiopia's environmental monitoring efforts. However, there is variability in the application of these techniques across different study regions. The review concludes that while remote sensing and GIS are increasingly being utilised for environmental monitoring in Ethiopia, there remains room for standardisation among methodologies and improvement in data accessibility and transparency. To enhance the effectiveness of environmental monitoring efforts, it is recommended that researchers adopt a more consistent approach to methodological practices and increase collaboration between institutions. Additionally, improving data sharing platforms could facilitate better resource utilization across different stakeholders. Environmental Monitoring, Remote Sensing, GIS, Ethiopia, Systematic Literature Review The empirical specification follows Y=β₀+β^ X+ε, and inference is reported with uncertainty-aware statistical criteria.