ABSTRACT Brazil is a leading global producer of melon ( Cucumis melo ) , particularly in the northeastern region, but the industry faces significant challenges from Fusarium rot, which causes major post‐harvest losses. With the dynamics of the infection unknown, effective control strategies are lacking for this disease complex. This study aimed to identify potential entry points for Fusarium in C. melo . We conducted two field samplings, analysing various melon plant tissues, including flowers and post‐harvest fruits, at four different time points. We also analysed seeds and seedling substrates used for seedling production. Fusarium spp. were isolated from all plant tissues and substrates, but were not found in the seeds. We identified 14 Fusarium species, with the isolates from the F. solani species complex (FSSC) proving to be the most aggressive. All isolated species were pathogenic to melon fruits and seedlings. Our findings suggest that Fusarium has multiple infection routes in melon, affecting all parts of the plant, with the roots serving as the primary entry point for the fungi. This research provides crucial information for developing targeted management strategies for Fusarium rot in melon.
Costa et al. (2026) studied this question.