Green Synthesis of MgO Nanoparticles as Photodegradation Catalyst for Selective Determination of Omeprazole in Pharmaceuticals

The development of new, sensitive, and selective methods for pharmaceutical analysis is crucial for ensuring drug safety, efficacy, and quality by enabling precise detection and quantification of active pharmaceutical ingredients, impurities, and degradation products at trace levels. Magnesium oxide nanoparticles were synthesized via green synthesis using fig leaf extract as the natural reducing agent. The characterized MgO NPs exhibited an average particle size of 24.3 nm and demonstrated dual functionality for photodegradation and selective spectrophotometric determination of omeprazole (OMP), a proton pump inhibitor. The method showed excellent linearity over the 0.025‐3.0 mg/L concentration range, with a high determination coefficient (0.9968). The method demonstrated superior sensitivity with a molar absorptivity of 7.62×10 4 L/mol.cm, and Sandell's sensitivity of 4.53 µg/cm 2 . The limits of quantification and detection were 0.0772 mg/L and 0.0255 mg/L, respectively. Validation studies confirmed excellent precision and accuracy. The intra‐ and inter‐day precisions showed relative standard deviation (RSD) values of 2.08% and 1.21%, respectively. The recovery studies indicated high accuracy, with recovery percentages ranging from 95.33% to 99.20% across all tested concentrations. The proposed green synthesis approach provides an environmentally sustainable route for MgO NP production while offering a highly sensitive, accurate, and precise analytical method for OMP determination. This work contributes significantly to green analytical chemistry practices.