The application of nanotechnology in pharmaceutical delivery systems has provided innovative approaches to overcome the limitations of conventional antidiabetic therapies. Glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1) mimetics are potent therapeutic agents for type 2 diabetes mellitus; however, their short plasma half‐life, enzymatic degradation, and frequent dosing requirements restrict clinical outcomes. Nanoformulation strategies have shown substantial potential to enhance the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles of GLP‐1 mimetics through controlled release, protection from enzymatic degradation, and targeted delivery. This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent developments in nanoformulated GLP‐1 delivery systems, including lipid‐based carriers, polymeric nanoparticles, micelles, and hydrogel‐based delivery matrices. Emphasis is placed on formulation approaches that improve peptide stability, prolong circulation time, and facilitate site‐specific delivery to pancreatic or hepatic tissues. The discussion also includes key insights into physicochemical optimization, encapsulation efficiency, and stimuli‐responsive release mechanisms. Despite promising preclinical outcomes, translational progress remains limited, highlighting the necessity for in‐depth pharmacokinetic, safety, and scalability studies. Overall, nano‐enabled GLP‐1 delivery platforms represent a promising advancement toward more effective, patient‐friendly, and sustainable diabetes management solutions.
Kashian et al. (2026) studied this question.