Quasi-Experimental Design Assessment of Municipal Water Systems Yield Improvement in Kenya: A Methodological Evaluation

Municipal water systems in Kenya face challenges in meeting growing demands while maintaining efficient yield. A quasi-experimental design was employed to compare pre- and post-intervention yields from municipal water systems in Kenya. Key variables included population density, climate conditions, and infrastructure investment. Post-intervention yields showed a statistically significant increase of 15% (95% CI: [8%, 23%]) compared to pre-intervention levels, with higher improvements observed in areas with increased infrastructure investments. The quasi-experimental design demonstrated effectiveness in measuring yield improvement and identified key factors influencing municipal water system performance. Future studies should consider longitudinal designs and multi-level analyses for comprehensive understanding of yield trends. quasi-experimental design, municipal water systems, yield improvement, Kenya, environmental science The empirical specification follows Y=β₀+β^ X+ε, and inference is reported with uncertainty-aware statistical criteria.