Adaptation and Validation of the Indonesian Version of the Problem Areas in Diabetes Scale Among People With Type 2 Diabetes: An Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor Analysis

Type 2 diabetes patients and nurses in charge at public health centers were involved in this study. The findings show that the instrument is valid and reliable; it can be an option for measuring the stress diabetes mellitus. The subscales in this instrument can be used simultaneously or separately, according to each individual's needs. Indonesian PAID can be used for stress screening in diabetes mellitus patients starting from the primary health service level so that initial treatment can be provided more quickly.