Background The global dominance of a few major cereal crops has led to the marginalization of traditional species, reducing agrobiodiversity and increasing the vulnerability of food systems. Changing climate conditions, particularly intensifying drought stress, further threaten global food security. In this context, neglected and underutilized crop species (NUCS) have significant potential for enhancing climate resilience, supporting sustainable agriculture, and diversifying diets. Objectives To examine the status of NUCS in Nepal, emphasizing their potential for climate adaptation, food security, and sustainable livelihood, while identifying key barriers to their wider adoption. Methodology A structured and analytical literature review was conducted using peer‐reviewed articles, book chapters, and conference papers sourced from databases including Scopus, PubMed, DOAJ, and Google Scholar, as well as institutional repositories and organizational websites. A total of 174 studies met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed thematically. Results NUCS have high nutritional value, climate resilience, and socioeconomic potential. In Nepal, rising food demand, shifting climate patterns, and overreliance on cereal imports, particularly rice, wheat, and maize, highlight the urgent need to diversify production systems. However, adoption remains constrained by policy neglect, inadequate research infrastructure, weak market linkages, and cultural marginalization. Conclusion and Recommendation Strategic integration of NUCS into agricultural research, development programs, and policy frameworks is vital for fostering inclusive, resilient, and sustainable food systems that support the achievement of United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), especially SDG 2 (Zero Hunger), SDG 3 (Good Health and Well‐being), and SDG 13 (Climate Action).
Panthi et al. (2026) studied this question.