AbstractAgriculture is undergoing a paradigm shift in response to the dual crises of climate change and ecosystem degradation. Climate-smart and regenerative agriculture, grounded in the principles of sustainability, resilience and resource efficiency, offers a transformative framework to meet global food security demands while mitigating climate impacts. The integration of biotechnology including advanced genomic tools, microbial engineering and biofertilizers with digital technologies such as Artificial Intelligence (AI), Internet of Things (IoT) and remote sensing is driving unprecedented innovation in agricultural systems. This review synthesizes recent peer-reviewed literature to present a consolidated understanding of how these technologies are jointly enabling precision interventions, enhancing soil health, increasing biodiversity and promoting carbon sequestration. The paper evaluates global and Indian case studies, examines socio-economic outcomes and highlights future research avenues, emphasizing how the convergence of these tools can operationalize truly climate-positive farming practices by 2040.
Lone et al. (2025) studied this question.