Output Consensus of a Class of Multiple Heterogeneous-Dimensional Switched Nonlinear Systems

This article investigates the consensus problem of multiple heterogeneous-dimensional switched nonlinear systems (HDSNSs). Each HDSNS consists of nonlinear subsystems that may have distinct state dimensions, along with a rule governing the switching among them. Currently, the consensus problem of multiple HDSNSs remains unresolved, primarily due to the highly complex dynamic characteristics exhibited by multiple HDSNSs. This article addresses the specific practical output consensus problem for a class of multiple HDSNSs, thereby aiming to fill the corresponding research gap. Each subsystem of the considered agent system is described by a nonlinear strict-feedback system, and the switching signal of the agent system is subject to the minimum dwell-time constraints. The cooperative control goal for the multiple HDSNSs is accomplished through the proposed protocol, which requires only sampled-data output interactions between agents. A numerical example verifies the proposed theorem.