Black phosphorus quantum dots (BPQDs) are a very promising zero-dimensional nanomaterial that has attracted considerable interest due to its exceptional characteristics, including high carrier mobility and excellent optical properties with tunable bandgap. BPQDs are ideal for potential applications in optoelectronics and energy storage devices. They are used in solar cells, photodetectors, supercapacitors, and lithium and sodium ion batteries. This paper discusses various BPQD synthesis routes, from scalability to size control, focusing on their potential applications in energy storage devices and optoelectronics. The study primarily focuses on integration of BPQDs with diverse materials, including graphene, carbon nanotubes, polymers, and metal oxides. Addressing issues of stability, scalability and conductivity will pave the way for their wider practical application. Furthermore, this review discusses the future outlook for BPQD composites in developing the next generation of technologies, emphasising their potential to enhance the efficiency, flexibility and sustainability of energy and optoelectronic systems. • BPQDs are an important class of zero dimensional nanomaterials for energy storage and optoelectronic devices. • Scalable synthesis enables precise control of BPQD size and properties. • BPQD based composites increase charge transport, cycling stability and storage capability in energy storage devices. • Engineered BPQDs materials boost efficiency in batteries, supercapacitor and solar cells. • Hybrid BPQD based systems enable high performance, flexible, wearable, and light-responsive devices.
Banshidhar et al. (Tue,) studied this question.