The construction industry is highly exposed to risks that can negatively influence project cost, time, quality, safety, and environmental performance. These risks arise due to uncertain conditions such as changes in project scope, availability of resources, management decisions, site conditions, and external factors. Construction risks may occur at any stage of a project and can affect both small- and large-scale projects. When risks are not handled effectively, they often result in project delays, increased costs, safety hazards, and disputes among stakeholders. To reduce the impact of such uncertainties, the use of appropriate risk mitigation techniques along with a structured risk management process is essential. Risk management generally involves four key stages: identifying potential risks, analyzing them using qualitative and quantitative methods, planning suitable mitigation measures, and continuously monitoring and controlling risks during project execution. This paper is developed from a systematic review of research papers published between 2010 and 2025. The study examines different categories of risks in construction projects, reviews commonly adopted mitigation techniques, and discusses factors influencing risk occurrence during construction. The findings highlight the importance of systematic and integrated risk mitigation approaches for improving overall project performance.
Parmar et al. (2026) studied this question.