Inferior Vena Cava Thrombosis After Nephrectomy of the Native Kidneys in Patients With Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease

Background Inferior vena cava (IVC) thrombosis associated with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), caused by mechanical compression from a large liver or renal cysts, has previously been reported. However, postoperative thrombosis following nephrectomy of the native kidneys has not been described. Case Presentation Case 1 A 50‐year‐old female underwent bilateral native nephrectomy to create space for a kidney allograft. Postoperatively, her D‐dimer level was elevated, and contrast‐enhanced computed tomography (CECT) revealed an IVC thrombus. Anticoagulation therapy was initiated, and living‐donor kidney transplantation was performed eight months later. Case 2 A 46‐year‐old male developed thrombosis of the IVC and common iliac vein after bilateral native nephrectomy. Anticoagulation therapy was continued for four months, followed by successful living‐donor kidney transplantation. Conclusion CECT is desirable for the diagnosis of IVC thrombosis following native nephrectomy in patients with ADPKD.