A review of smartphone energy management: Power distribution, battery technologies, fast charging, thermal management and challenges

• Smartphone energy management and power distribution architectures. • Battery technologies in smartphones and future developments. • Fast charging and wireless charging in smartphones. • Thermal management strategies in smartphones and challenges. This review explores smartphone energy management solutions, covering power distribution architectures, battery technologies, fast-charging advancements, thermal management, and associated challenges. The demand for compact, efficient energy management techniques has increased as smartphones evolve with increasingly advanced features. The study examines the progression from conventional to advanced energy management methodologies, optimising energy efficiency based on user activity and application requirements. It discusses power distribution strategies, charging technologies, and their impact on system performance and user experience. It also discusses innovations in battery technologies, thermal management, and state-of-charge (SOC) and state-of-health (SOH) estimation methods. Furthermore, the review identifies future trends and challenges in smartphone energy management, providing insights for research and development in energy-efficient systems, novel materials, and user-centric device design