This analysis finds that an instrumental variable estimates causal effects of linear TV advertising in household-level data, suggesting insights for marketers.
This paper introduces a new instrumental variable to estimate the causal effects of linear TV advertising, using granular household-level viewing and purchase panel data.
No takes yet. Share an insight, caveat, or question.
Hsieh et al. (2026) studied this question.
Synapse has enriched 5 closely related papers on similar clinical questions. Consider them for comparative context: