• Amino-functionalized MCM-41 was evaluated under continuous-flow fixed-bed conditions. • High Cr(VI) removal capacity (up to 110.5 mg/g) was achieved in fixed-bed column experiments. • Simultaneous Cr(VI) adsorption and partial reduction to Cr(III) occurred during column operation. • Series column configuration and NaOH regeneration enhanced operational performance and reusability.
Martin et al. (2026) studied this question.