Air Pollution Sources, Impacts, and Control Measures in Urban Lagos, Nigeria: A Systematic Literature Review
Abstract
Urban Lagos in Nigeria faces significant air pollution challenges due to rapid industrialization and population growth. A systematic literature review was employed, encompassing peer-reviewed articles, reports, and grey literature from databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar. Studies published between and were included. Air pollutants in Lagos include particulate matter (PM2. 5) with an average concentration of 48 μg/m³, exceeding WHO guidelines by 60%. Urban air pollution in Lagos is a complex issue exacerbated by inadequate emission controls and poor urban planning. Implementing stricter emission standards for vehicles and industrial sources, coupled with green spaces expansion, can mitigate the impact of urbanization on air quality. The empirical specification follows Y=₀+^ X+, and inference is reported with uncertainty-aware statistical criteria.
Key Points
Objective
The aim is to explore sources and impacts of air pollution in urban Lagos and recommend control measures.
Methods
- Conducted a systematic literature review of peer-reviewed articles and reports
- Utilized databases including PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar
- Included studies focused on air pollution published between specific years
- Assessed average concentration of particulate matter and emission standards
Results
- Average concentration of PM2.5 was found to be 48 μg/m³, exceeding WHO guidelines by 60%
- Inadequate emission controls and poor urban planning were identified as major contributors
- Stricter emission standards and expansion of green spaces were recommended for improvement