In Silico Analysis of Punarnavine and Boeravinone A: Binding Potential to Proteins Involved in Glucose Metabolism

Introduction: The rising global burden of diabetes underscores the need for safer and more effective treatment options. Natural alkaloids are of particular interest due to their wide range of pharmacological activities. This study aimed to explore how two alkaloids, Punarnavine and Boeravinone A, interact with diabetes-related target proteins using molecular docking. Methods: A molecular docking approach was used to evaluate the binding strengths of Punarnavine and Boeravinone A with proteins involved in glucose metabolism, insulin signalling, inflammation, and cellular homeostasis. Virtual screening was performed to assess their potential antidiabetic ef-fects. Results: Docking results showed that both compounds exhibited strong binding affinities for key diabetes-related proteins. Punarnavine and Boeravinone A demonstrated potential interactions that could influence glucose metabolism, enhance insulin sensitivity, and reduce inflammation. Alt-hough the docking scores supported these interactions, the analysis remained purely predictive, with no experimental validation. Discussion: These interactions suggest that Punarnavine and Boeravinone A may offer therapeutic benefits for diabetes management. Their natural sources, availability, and cultural acceptance further enhance their appeal as alternative or supplementary treatments. However, the absence of experi-mental validation and limited understanding of their functional effects, such as enzyme inhibition or activation, restricts the strength of the conclusions. Conclusion: Punarnavine and Boeravinone A appear to be promising natural candidates for diabetes therapy. Further in vitro and in vivo studies are required to confirm their effectiveness, elucidate their mechanisms of action, and establish standardised protocols for their use.