Immunogenicity and efficacy over 12 months following a fourth dose of a bivalent mRNA or protein-based COVID-19 vaccine: A randomised controlled trial in Australia

Q: What type of study is this?

This is a Human Clinical Trial study (also classified as: RCT).

Nadia Mazarakis; Zheng Quan Toh; Eleanor Neal; Cattram Nguyen; Kathryn Bright; Skyy Luu; Leanne Quah; Yan Yung Ng; John Hart; Lien Anh Ha Do; Anna Rudel; Shashini Dassanayake; Rachel A. Higgins; Rachael Carissa; Darren Suryawijaya Ong; Fran Justice; Kerryn A. Moore; Emma Watts; K. Subbarao; Kim Mulholland; Claire von Mollendorf; Paul V. Licciardi

doi:10.1016/j.jinf.2026.106727

Key Points

This research examines the immunogenicity, safety, and efficacy of a fourth dose of bivalent mRNA versus protein COVID-19 vaccines.
Adults over 18 were randomised 1:1 to receive either a bivalent mRNA vaccine or a protein vaccine.
Comparison of anti-Spike binding IgG and neutralising antibodies against variants was performed.
The study included a self-selected control group that did not receive the fourth dose.
Moderna vaccine induced higher IgG levels against the Ancestral and Omicron variants compared to Novavax at six and twelve months.
Both vaccines provided higher immune responses compared to the control group with no fourth dose.
Around 43% in the Moderna group and 47% in the Novavax group experienced SARS-CoV-2 infections over the year, versus 68% in the control group.

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Implication

Randomised controlled trial showed higher immunogenicity for mRNA vaccine compared to protein vaccine in adults, suggesting effective protection over 12 months.

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Cite This Study

Mazarakis et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/69b5ff3b83145bc643d1b6c8 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinf.2026.106727

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Immunogenicity and efficacy over 12 months following a fourth dose of a bivalent mRNA or protein-based COVID-19 vaccine: A randomised controlled trial in Australia

Key Points

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Implication

Discussion

Cite This Study

Immunogenicity and efficacy over 12 months following a fourth dose of a bivalent mRNA or protein-based COVID-19 vaccine: A randomised controlled trial in Australia

Key Points

No abstract yet

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Implication

Discussion

Cite This Study

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