Observational findings suggest recurrent hidden hypocalcemia increases cardiovascular risk in dialysis patients.
Total and albumin-corrected calcium were not associated with cardiovascular outcomes. In contrast, recurrent hidden hypocalcemia was associated with excess MACE risk. These findings suggest that evaluating discordance between total and ionized calcium may provide clinically relevant information beyond conventional calcium measures in dialysis patients.
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Kim et al. (2026) studied this question.
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