This review highlights design principles and functionality of perovskite energetic materials, suggesting modular architectures enhance safety and customization.
The design of energetic materials has entered the era of multi-ion integration, with perovskite energetic materials (PEMs) emerging as a representative category. This review presents a comprehensive analysis of PEMs, covering developments from 2018 to early 2026, with emphasis on their historical evolution and highlighting their inherent potential for rational design and functional customization. Distinct from conventional energetic systems constructed via physical-mixing multi-phase integration or covalent-linking intramolecular integration, PEMs leverage a versatile ABX 3 crystalline framework to incorporate fuel and oxidizing ionic components into a highly ordered crystalline structure. This modular architecture enables independent modulation of A , B , and X sites, facilitating a sophisticated balancing of energetic performance, safety, and environmental benignity. A hierarchical design paradigm is proposed herein: X -site anions primarily govern oxidative capacity, B -site cations serve as structural and kinetic modulators, and A -site organic cations fine-tune fuel content and crystal packing efficiency. Through systematic exploration of these structure–property relationships, this review summarizes how the rational assembly of ionic building blocks can lay the foundation for next-generation energetic materials with high tunability and multifunctionality. This review comprehensively analyzes perovskite energetic materials, focusing on their historical evolution and inherent potential for rational design and functional customization. A hierarchical design paradigm is proposed: X -site anions dominate oxidative capacity, B -site cations act as structural and kinetic modulators, and A -site organic cations fine-tune fuel content and crystal packing efficiency, • Perovskite energetic materials (PEMs) integrate fuel and oxidizer ions into an ordered ABX 3 crystalline lattice for rational design. • X -site anions govern oxidative capacity; B -site cations modulate structure and kinetics; A -site cations fine-tune fuel content. • Site-selective ion substitution enables programmable balancing of energetic performance, safety, and environmental compatibility.
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Guo et al. (2026) studied this question.
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