Research Review on Rapid Charging Strategies for New Energy Vehicle Energy Storage Systems: Focusing on Synergistic Optimisation of High Safety and Long Service Life

With the rapid increase in market penetration of new energy vehicles, rapid charging technology has become a key pathway to alleviate range anxiety. However, the battery safety risks and life degradation issues triggered by high-power charging constitute the core bottleneck for its large-scale application. This paper systematically reviews the technological evolution and synergistic optimisation mechanisms of rapid charging strategies, focusing on analysing the internal battery balance between "speed, safety, and lifespan" under the multi-field coupling effects of electricity, heat, and force. Research indicates that synergistic optimisation of intelligent charging strategies and thermal management systems can reduce 10%-80% State of Charge (SOC) charging time to under 15 minutes while ensuring battery cycle life exceeds 3,000 cycles. Future fast-charging technology will evolve towards precise state sensing, adaptive control algorithms, and multi-system coordination between vehicle, charging station, and grid, providing critical technological support for the sustainable development of the new energy vehicle industry.