Geotechnical foundations in expansive soils present significant challenges for construction projects across Africa, particularly in regions such as Sudan. A case study approach was employed, involving extensive field investigations and laboratory tests. Data analysis included statistical modelling using linear regression (R² = 0. 85) with uncertainty expressed as a 95% confidence interval (CI). The direction of soil expansion under varying moisture conditions was observed to be predominantly north-south, affecting foundation stability. A novel geotechnical design approach for expansive soils has been established, significantly enhancing foundation reliability in Sudan and other African contexts. Further research should focus on long-term performance predictions using machine learning algorithms.
Viana et al. (2013) studied this question.