Physical performance in patients with acute pulmonary embolism. A descriptive longitudinal study

Acute pulmonary embolism (PE) is a cardiovascular diagnosis with symptoms including respiratory associated chest pain and dyspnea. There are no previous longitudinal studies regarding physical performance in PE. The aim of the study was to examine physical performance in patients with PE in the acute phase and 3 months after discharge and to compare the results with reference values for spirometry and walking distance. Twenty-two consecutive patients (40-69 yrs) with PE admitted to the Medical Unit at Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden were included. Activity was rated with Leisure Time Activity Instrument (LTPAI) and Physical Activity at Home and Work Instrument (PAHWI). FVC and FEV1 were registered. Six minute walking test (6MWT) was performed. Respiratory pain was rated before and after 6MWT with a Visual Analogue Scale. Perceived exertion was rated with Borg scale CR-10 and saturation (SpO2) was measured. The results of spirometry and 6MWT were compared with reference values. From baseline measurements to 3 months several outcomes improved, FVC by 0.4 l (p<0.001), FEV1 by 0.3 l (p<0.001), walking distance by 80 m (p<0.05) and SpO2 by 2 % (p<0.05). Perceived exertion before and directly after 6MWT decreased. An increase in light activity was seen 3 months after discharge compared to 1 month prior to admission (p<0.05). No differences were seen in pain ratings before or after spirometry or 6MWT. This is the first longitudinal study to examine physical performance in patients with PE. Significant improvements were seen in lung function, walking distance, SpO2, dyspnea and light activity. However no significant differences could be seen in respiratory pain ratings.