Subnational democracy represents a complex model of democracy, due to the standards required to be achieved at the national level and the rights this model is expected to bring to local populations. Interest in subnational democracy has increased following the major technological developments of the digital age, which have introduced digital platforms as an influencer through which local voices can be heard by those in charge of the democratic process and end the marginalization suffered by local communities. The positive impact of digital development on subnational democracy does not mean the absence of technological challenges associated with attempts to manipulate, mislead, and promote false narratives aimed at weakening political rivals. The existence of some challenges cannot negate the notion that subnational democracy has provided a different understanding of democracy by focusing on the sub-local level, benefiting from digital developments that represent tools for the advancement of societies when employed within the framework of a sound democratic process.
Abdulaziz Abed (2025) studied this question.