An Optimization Framework for Manned–Unmanned Squad Equipment System Design and Collocation Scheme Oriented to Micro-Scenarios and Operation Loops

In the design of Infantry Squad Weapon Equipment System-of-Systems (ISWES), traditional text-based systems engineering primarily relies on empirical methods derived from historical designs. This approach suffers from low design efficiency, protracted development cycles, and incomplete system requirements analysis. In addition, determining effective equipment configurations to maximize the integrated operational capabilities of weapon systems has garnered increasing attention. This study proposes a micro-scenario-oriented squad equipment system design framework featuring manned–unmanned teaming collocation optimization. First, an MBSE method applicable to ISWES modeling is proposed, and the initial allocation scheme of ISWES is obtained. Subsequently, a multi-objective optimization model for an allocation scheme is established based on operation loop theory with the objectives of maximizing combat effectiveness and network robustness while minimizing weapon costs, and the CCMO algorithm is employed to obtain the Pareto set. Then, a multi-attribute scheme selection method leveraging Successive Elimination of Alternatives Based on Order and Degree of Efficiency (SEABODE)-improved TOPSIS is proposed to identify the optimal collocation. Finally, a case study on infantry squad-level equipment system design validates the framework’s feasibility and effectiveness.