The subject of the study is the mental structures of "Cunning" and "Furbizia" in the Russian and Italian language worldviews. The study reveals the problem of translating lexical units with the meaning of trickery into Italian. The meanings of the lexemes astuto, furbo, scaltro are being clarified, and their etymology is being studied. In order to describe the differences in the lexical meanings of the selected words, data from monolingual explanatory dictionaries, bilingual dictionaries and national language corpora were used. The main differences in the field structure of the languages under consideration were highlighted. So in the Russian language, cunning/ingenuity and the ability to deceive are represented as lexical meanings connected in one semantic structure of a word (the property of diffusivity of the semantic structure of a word). In Italian, there are separate lexemes designed to denote the positive and negative characteristics of a cunning person. The following methods were used during the study: component analysis, in order to construct semantic fields in Russian and Italian. The practical part of the study was created using a continuous sampling of phraseological units from explanatory and phraseological dictionaries. The cognitive study of fragments of Russian and Italian language worldviews is based on the semantic fields "Cunning" and "Furbizia" in two languages. The novelty of this study lies in the fact that the semantic fields "Trickery" and "Furbizia" were not previously involved in a comparative description. Russian linguistic worldview assumes ambivalent meanings, trickery is an undesirable and frowned upon behavior for the Russian language community in most cases, with the exception of the following situations when trickery: 1) it is connected with the manifestation of intelligence, ingenuity; 2) it is connected with the invention of man, the assessment of the actions of the master; 3) it is connected with the assessment of actions directed against the enemy in a communicative situation "conflict". In Italian, we note the presence of two units that are in a relationship of synonymy, but realize opposite meanings: positive (astuto) and negative (furbo). We have drawn preliminary conclusions from the study of the FURBIZIA concept: ambivalent assessments arise in the Italian language picture of the world, as in Russian, but for Italian speakers, cunning is perceived as the preferred communication strategy.
Kristina Sergeevna Mel'nik (Sun,) studied this question.