An impact analysis for adverse bias in the new Royal Navy physical employment standard

Background In September 2024 the Royal Navy (RN) implemented a Physical Employment Standard (PES), which was developed following international best practice guidelines. The RN PES is a functional movement circuit based on the strength and muscular endurance demands of emergency seafaring tasks. Objectives This study evaluates the early impact of the PES implementation, focusing on potential adverse bias affecting personnel with specific protected characteristics. Methods Data on PES completion time, age, gender, and rank were collected during annual testing from 2990 RN personnel (15.3% female). Analyses included calculating pass rates and assessments of adverse bias using the 80% rule and Z-test. Results Overall pass rates were high (98.9%). Males consistently achieved high pass rates across all ranks and age groups (99.4–100%), while female personnel had lower overall pass rates (87.4–98.1%), particularly in those under 25 years. Despite observed differences in pass rates, no significant adverse bias was found. Whilst there were no differences in pass rates across age groups, sex-based physiological differences likely contribute to variations in performance times between males and females. Conclusion These findings demonstrate that the PES was broadly achievable and did not disadvantage specific protected groups. To further support equitable outcomes, it is recommended that some personnel are given enhanced access to strength training and greater test familiarisation. Finally, ongoing monitoring of subgroup performance is advised.