Taxonomic Diversity Assessment, Distribution and Conservation Status of Cricetidae in Mexico

Introduction The Cricetidae family (Rodentia: Mammalia) is one of the most diverse and widespread mammalian groups, exhibiting significant morphological, behavioural and ecological variation. In Mexico, it represents approximately one‐third of the mammal fauna and half of the endemic species, yet an updated assessment of its status has been lacking. Objective This study provides a current synthesis of the taxonomy, distribution, and conservation status of cricetid rodents in Mexico. Methods Data from scientific literature and conservation databases—including the IUCN Red List and Mexico's NOM‐059—were systematically analysed to compile an updated inventory. Results and Discussion We report 162 species and 262 subspecies in Mexico, an 11% rise in species from the previous decade, with 58% of species and 72% of subspecies endemic. Diversity follows a clear altitudinal gradient, peaking in montane regions. Conservation assessments show that 60% of evaluated species (~80% of known fauna) are globally threatened (IUCN), while Mexico's NOM‐059 lists 23% at risk and recognises two extinct species. Field studies indicate five additional species face near‐term extinction from habitat loss, exotic species and competition. Endemic taxa have lost 34%–40% of their habitat on average, with high‐elevation species being highly vulnerable to climate change. Furthermore, 45 taxa require taxonomic revision, which could significantly increase recognised species. Conclusions Therefore, the number of species is expected to rise notably while subspecies count declines. Advances in taxonomy are essential to reduce the Linnean shortfall and inform conservation.