From Tradition to Therapeutics: A Comprehensive Review of Eclipta Alba and Its Bioactive Potential

Eclipta alba (L.) commonly known as bhringraj as well as false daisy, is a species of plant in the family Asteraceae. It is a small branched annual herbaceous plant with a long history of traditional medicines uses in many countries especially in tropical and subtropical regions. It is widely dispersed throughout India, Brazil, Thailand, and China. Vernacular names of the plant include bhangaara (Hindi), maakaa (Marathi), bhangaro (Guajarati), kesuriya (Bengali), galagara (Telugu). The principal constituents of Eclipta alba are coumestan derivatives like Wedololactone, Apigenin, Oleanolic acid, Sitosterol, etc. This review comprehensively compiles existing knowledge on the botanical characteristics, traditional uses, phytochemistry, and pharmacological activities of E. alba. The herb has been known for its curative properties and has been utilized as anticancer, analgesic, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antihyperglycemic, antioxidant, immunomodulatory properties, etc. Also, it is a well-documented herb traditionally used in various traditional healing systems such as Ayurveda, Unani, Siddha, and Traditional Chinese medicine. It has been used ethnomedicinally to treat liver disorders, skin infections, respiratory ailments, and promote hair growth. Extracts and metabolites from this plant have been known to possess pharmacological properties. This contribution provides a comprehensive review on ethnomedicinal uses, chemical composition, and the pharmacological profile as medicinal plant. Eclipta alba has been traditionally used in Ayurveda, Unani, and Traditional Chinese medicine. The review further discusses recent developments and Applications including advances in phytochemical research, regulatory and commercialization efforts. Overall, this review reaffirms E. alba as a promising herb with considerable therapeutic potential and encourages continued pharmacological and phytochemical exploration.