Predicting Acceptance of Automated Buses in Jakarta: An Application of the Extended UTAUT-2 Model

One of the global transportation problems is traffic congestion and accidents due to human error, and Jakarta is one of the cities where this problem occurs. This study investigates public acceptance of Automated Buses as a transformative solution, extending the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology 2 with the novel construct of Environmental Driving Compliance to address Jakarta’s unique socio-technical challenges. Through a survey of 784 commuters and Structural Equation Modelling, the research identifies four key determinants of Automated Bus adoption: Perceived Personal and Social Value, Environmental Driving Compliance, Trust in Policies, and Risk Perception. Moderation analysis highlights demographic and behavioural variations, with younger, tech-savvy, and higher-income individuals showing greater acceptance.