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Modeling drone-assisted battery recharging for autonomous electric vehicle deliveries using public transit, suggesting new efficiency methods.
The autonomous vehicle routing problem with battery recharging by drones, using public transit consists of routing a fleet of autonomous electric vehicles (AEVs) with limited battery capacity to deliver orders to customers in the last mile. In order to prevent service disruptions, resulting from the limited battery capacity of the AEVs, it is possible to recharge them during the trip when they are at customer locations for the delivery tasks. This can be achieved through drones equipped with wireless energy transmission technology, which can be viewed as mobile chargers. Furthermore, drones can be launched from the depot as well as from some dedicated public stations. Each drone will then complete part of its journey on the roof of the public lines. We mathematically represent the problem as a Mixed-Integer Linear Programming (MILP) model, considering capacity, time windows, and synchronization constraints. We solve the MILP for studying the framework and analyzing the potential of the new paradigm.
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Macrina et al. (2026) studied this question.
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