A Human-Adaptive, Resilient, Value-Embedded Socio-Technical Framework for Agriculture 5.0: The Harvest-5 Model

Contemporary agriculture, like other sectors of the economy, operates under conditions of increasing uncertainty resulting from dynamic climatic, social, economic, and technological changes. To address this critical and timely issue, this article introduces the Human-Adaptive Resilient Value-Embedded Socio-Technical (HARVEST-5) model, which integrates key areas of agricultural activity. The model is based on a coherent and comprehensive approach to sectoral transformation within the framework of Industry 5.0. The paper discusses the fundamental assumptions, structure, and conceptual framework of the HARVEST-5 model, as well as its potential applications. The operationalization process is grounded in a set of Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) covering the assessment of system capabilities, efficiency, and quality, alongside susceptibility to potential risks. For the quantitative assessment of agricultural system maturity, a Maturity Index (H5MI) was developed to account for their inherent complexity and multidimensionality. It is posited that farms constitute complex, multi-layered adaptive systems operating under uncertainty. This multidimensional approach enables a comprehensive evaluation, the identification of strengths and weaknesses, and the determination of maturity levels within the HARVEST-5 framework. The proposed concept, together with the developed analytical tools, opens new opportunities for designing the transformation of the sector toward Agriculture 5.0, with particular emphasis on systemic stability, adaptive capacity, and resource regeneration as determinants of long-term productivity.