Persistent T cell phenotypic alterations and early innate immune dysregulation as potential biomarkers of Long COVID

Key Points

The aim is to identify immune alterations associated with Long COVID due to SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Analyzed immune profiles of patients during and three months after COVID-19 infection.
Used mass cytometry with a 40-marker panel to examine peripheral blood mononuclear cells.
Compared immune signatures between individuals who developed Long COVID and a matched control group.
Identified distinct immune signatures between Long COVID and non-Long COVID individuals.
Noted early abnormalities in innate immunity, particularly in dendritic cells and T cells, at the time of infection.
Observed persistent alterations in several adaptive immune cell types three months after discharge in Long COVID patients.

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This analysis uncovers immune alterations linked to Long COVID, pointing to new potential biomarkers for the condition.

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Perez-Mazzali et al. (2026) studied this question.

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