Immune molecular mechanisms of PANoptosis in sepsis-induced acute kidney injury

Sepsis-induced acute kidney injury (S-AKI) is a common, life-threatening clinical complication with complex, incompletely understood pathophysiological mechanisms. Historically, the three main types of regulated cell death (RCD) were necroptosis, apoptosis, and pyroptosis. Recent discoveries of significant molecular overlap between these pathways have suggested that PANoptosis represents a combined inflammatory RCD mechanism. Accumulating evidence suggests that PANoptosis contributes to the progression of S-AKI. To clarify underlying mechanisms and guide innovative therapeutic methods, this review summarizes recent findings on the pathogenesis of S-AKI, with an emphasis on the growing significance of PANoptosis'.