This work proposes a structural model linking temporal ordering and cosmological evolution through entropy in a closed universe, suggesting new interpretations of time.
This work proposes a structural interpretation of the arrow of time within the framework of Structural Differentiation Cosmology (SDC). Instead of treating time as a fundamental background parameter, we define temporal direction as the monotonic evolution of structural differentiation in a closed universe. We introduce a structural entropy S_C(t) and a structural functional Φ[C], and demonstrate that their irreversible increase provides a natural basis for temporal ordering. This approach offers a unified perspective connecting cosmological evolution, entropy-like behavior, and observer-dependent temporality. Time is interpreted as an emergent structural ordering rather than an externally imposed flow.
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Koji Okino (2026) studied this question.
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