Advances in the Characteristics of Fibroblasts in Keloid: A Review

Keloids (KDs) are a group of fibroproliferative skin diseases characterised by an excess of fibroblasts and the accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM). In KDs, keloid fibroblasts (KFs) serve as the primary effector cells, playing a pivotal role. By studying the signalling pathways and epigenetic changes of KFs, researchers can elucidate the mechanisms behind the formation of KDs. This understanding is crucial for identifying potential targets for innovative treatments. In this paper, we review the latest progress in KFs research, detailing their abnormal biological characteristics, with some special KFs subgroups deserving particular attention. We also discuss the aberrantly regulated signalling pathways and therapeutic approaches concerning KFs, aiming to provide insights into the pathogenesis of keloid scars and thereby guide future research directions.