Multifactor Kinematic Characteristics of Mining‐Induced Ground Fissures: Discrete Element Modeling and Prediction Model Validation

The scale characteristics of ground fissures exhibit documented variations globally, with field investigations proving inadequate to comprehensively assess the influence of mining parameters and topographical conditions. To address this limitation, large‐scale numerical simulations using the discrete element method (DEM) were employed to examine the effects of depth–thickness ratio, loose layer–bedrock ratio, surface slope, and working face advancing speed on fissure characteristics. DEM validation confirms its capability to accurately replicate fissure types (tensile, step, and collapse), overlying strata failure height (3.5%, relative error [RE]), and surface subsidence evolution (2.9%, RE). Maximum fissure width, average penetration, and average advanced distance demonstrate statistically significant correlations with the examined parameters, conforming to linear, exponential, and quadratic polynomial relationships. Building upon soil mechanics principles, prediction models were derived, these yield REs of 7.1% for fissure location, 4.9% for depth, and 0.9% for average advanced angle. This study addresses a critical knowledge gap by establishing quantitative relationships between causative factors and scale characteristics while developing practical prediction methodologies. These enable engineers to optimize mining plans based on projected land damage assessment.