A brief study of dark energy accretion onto Schwarzschild black hole: Biswas-Roy-Biswas–type redshift parameterization is chosen

In this letter, we have considered accretion of a particular type of dark energy model onto a Schwarzschild-type black hole. Before using the model, the free parameters of the dark energy model have been constrained with differential ages data. A narrow peak on top of a wide plateau in two parameters’ distributions indicates a well-defined best-fit value embedded within a broad region of near-degenerate solutions. This means that the data strongly favour one specific parameter value but also permit a wide range with comparable likelihood. Physically, it reflects that the dark energy dynamics are locally constrained yet globally insensitive to small parameter variations. An increasing log ₁₀ [M(z)/M₀ ] since z = 3 signifies that black holes have continuously grown through accretion and mergers within the standard hierarchical formation scenario. The precise rate of this growth depends on the radiative efficiency ϵ, the effective accretion parameter λ eff , and the cumulative impact of merger events.