Chemical Profile, Anti‐Inflammatory, and Antioxidant Potential of Hydroalcoholic Extracts and Fractions From Baccharis glaziovii Baker (Asteraceae)

Baccharis glaziovii Baker, known as carqueja-arbustinho, is a native Brazilian plant characterized by its three-winged stems. This study investigated the chemical profile and biological potential of hydroalcoholic extracts and fractions from male and female specimens. Chemical characterization by nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry indicated a phenolic profile, with the flavonoid apigenin identified in the dichloromethane fraction of both extracts. Anti-inflammatory activity was assessed by the inhibition of bovine serum albumin (BSA) denaturation, with the female and male extracts showing inhibition of 64.1% and 62.2%, respectively, compared to 84.3% for sodium diclofenac. The highest effect was observed at 400 µg mL⁻¹. Regarding antioxidant potential, the DPPH assay indicated values near 126 µg TE/mg, while the phosphomolybdenum test showed capacities of up to 183.8%. The dichloromethane fractions stood out for their extremely high total phenolic content, reaching 1540.1 mg GAE/g in the male and 1474.2 mg GAE/g in the female. These results provide evidence that the species possesses robust antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, without critical disparities between the plant genus. Such findings position B. glaziovii as a promising candidate for the development of phytotherapeutic formulations, reinforcing the need for additional studies to isolate its bioactive compounds.