Emergence, Challenges, and Opportunities for Chiral Nanocellulose Assemblies in Tissue Engineering and Wound Healing

Biomaterials play a vital role in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Chiral materials have emerged as promising platforms in biomedicine due to their ability to mimic the hierarchical organization of the native extracellular matrix and to modulate cellular and microbial behavior through chirality‐dependent biological interactions. This review highlights the potential of chiral nanocellulose assemblies and their applications in tissue engineering and wound healing. We first introduce chirality, together with the structural and functional properties of nanocellulose. We then discuss the interactions between chiral materials and mammalian as well as bacterial cells, emphasizing how chirality may influence cellular adhesion, proliferation, differentiation, and antimicrobial responses. We then summarize recent advances in the application of chiral biobased materials for tissue regeneration and wound repair, with a particular focus on nanocellulose‐based systems. The self‐assembly of cellulose nanocrystals into chiral nematic phases, in particular, allows the fabrication of effective biomimetic materials for wound healing and controlling cell adhesion. By controlling factors like ionic strength, pH, external fields, and additives, the chiral nematic pitch and resulting properties of cellulose nanocrystal assemblies can be finely tuned. Finally, we outline advantages and obstacles in the application of chiral nanocellulose for specific biomedical applications. Overall, chiral nanocellulose‐derived materials represent a potentially sustainable and versatile platform with significant prospects to enable next‐generation therapeutic strategies in tissue engineering and wound healing.